| Austria |
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The 1955 Austrian State Treaty ended the four-power occupation and recognized Austria as an independent and sovereign state. In October 1955, the Federal Assembly passed a constitutional law in which "Austria declares of her own free will her perpetual neutrality." The second section of this law stated that "in all future times Austria will not join any military alliances and will not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on her territory." Since then, Austria shaped its foreign policy on the basis of neutrality.
In recent years, however, Austria began to reassess its definition of neutrality, granting overflight rights for the UN-sanctioned action against Iraq in 1991, and, since 1995, contemplating participation in the EU's evolving security structure. Also in 1995, it joined the Partnership for Peace, and subsequently participated in peacekeeping missions in Bosnia. Discussion of possible Austrian NATO membership intensified during 1996. ÖVP and FPÖ aim at moving closer to NATO or a European defense arrangement. The SPÖ, in turn, believes continued neutrality is the cornerstone of Austria's foreign policy, and a majority of the population generally supports this stance.
In February 2000, Austria's foreign relations cooled down when the ÖVP formed a coalition with the FPÖ after the 1999 election. European governments imposed diplomatic sanctions, and the United States called home its ambassador.[1] The diplomatic sanctions were lifted in September 2000, after a three-member panel assessed human rights and political life in Austria.[2] In November 2000, the United States and Austria normalized their relations.[3]
Austrian leaders emphasize the unique role the country plays as East-West hub and as a moderator between industrialized and developing countries. Austria is active in the United Nations and experienced in UN peacekeeping efforts. It attaches great importance to participation in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and other international economic organizations, and it has played an active role in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
Vienna hosts the Secretariat of the OSCE and the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and the United Nations Drug Control Programme. Other international organizations based in Vienna include the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Recently, Vienna added the preparatory commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization and the Wassenaar Arrangement (a technology-transfer control agency) to the list of international organizations it hosts.
Austria traditionally has been active in "bridge-building to the east," increasing contacts at all levels with Eastern Europe and the states of the former Soviet Union. Austrians maintain a constant exchange of business representatives, political leaders, students, cultural groups, and tourists with the countries of central and eastern Europe. Austrian companies are active in investing and trading with the countries of central and eastern Europe. In addition, the Austrian Government and various Austrian organizations provide assistance and training to support the changes underway in the region.
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Austria maintains significant bilateral relations with several countries.
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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| Argentina | 1870-10-27 |
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| Australia | 1948 |
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| Belarus | 1992-02 | |
| Belgium | 1833 |
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| Bulgaria | 1878 |
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| Canada | 1855 | See Austria–Canada relations
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| Chile | 1846 | See Austria–Chile relations
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| Colombia | 1920 | see Austria–Colombia relations
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| Croatia | 1992-01-15 | See Austria–Croatia relations
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| Cyprus |
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| Czech Republic | See Austria – Czech Republic relations
Austria has an embassy in Prague and two honorary consulates (in Brno and České Budějovice). The Czech Republic has an embassy in Vienna and five honorary consulates (in Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Linz, and Salzburg). Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 362 km of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement. |
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| Denmark | 1925 | See Austria-Denmark relations
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| Egypt | 1929 |
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| Estonia | 1921-06-26 |
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| Finland | 1918-07-19 |
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| France |
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| Georgia | 1992 | See Austria–Georgia relations
Georgia opened its Embassy in Vienna in 1996.[29]
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| Germany | See Austria–Germany relations
Due to German being the common language of these two neighboring European countries relations between them are close. |
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| Hungary | 1921 | See Austria–Hungary relations
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| Iceland | 1928 |
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| Ireland |
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| Israel | 1949 |
See also History of the Jews in Austria. |
| Italy | See Austria–Italy relations
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| Japan | 1869 | See Austria–Japan relations
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| Kosovo |
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| Latvia | 1921-02-17 |
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| Lithuania |
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| Malaysia | See Austria–Malaysia relations
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| Malta |
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| Mexico | 1842 | See Austria–Mexico relations
During the French intervention in Mexico between 1864 and 1867, with French backing Maximilian I of Mexico, member of Austria's Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico. As of 2005, Mexico was Austria's second most important trade partner in Latin America.[46] The same year, the President of Austria Heinz Fischer visited Mexico and Brazil, the first ever state visit of an Austrian President to countries in Latin America.[46][47][48] |
| Moldova | 1992-03-25 | See Austria–Moldova relations |
| Montenegro | 2006-07-12 |
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| Netherlands |
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| Pakistan | 1956 | See Austria–Pakistan relations
Relations between the two countries are generally friendly. The diplomatic ties between Pakistan and Austria were established in 1956 when Pakistan formally recognized Austria.[52] |
| People's Republic of China | 1971-05-28 | See Austria – People's Republic of China relations |
| Poland | 1921 |
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| Romania | 1879-09 |
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| Russia | See Austria–Russia relations | |
| Saudi Arabia | 1957-09-10 | See Austria – Saudi Arabia relations
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| Serbia | 1874 | See Austria–Serbia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1874. |
| Slovakia | See Austria–Slovakia relations
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| South Korea | 1963-05-22 |
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| Turkey | See Austrian–Turkish relations | |
| Ukraine | 1992 | See Austria–Ukraine relations
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| United Kingdom | See Austria – United Kingdom relations
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| United States | See Austria – United States relations
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